Solutions to Hair Loss in Men and Women Essay - 1697 Words

According to Relevant Research, Inc and the International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery, 35 million men and 21 million women in the United States were experiencing hair loss as of July 2013. Hair loss can have many causes and subsequently there are many solutions. People experiencing hair loss will go to great measures to reverse their hair loss. 47% of hair loss suffers said they would give up their life savings to regain a full head of hair and 60% said they would rather have more hair than money or friends. With those statistics, it is no surprise that that the worldwide revenue for surgical hair restoration alone is $1.87 billion. However, not all hair loss solutions are a match for everyone and some do not provide the results†¦show more content†¦The second most common type of hair loss is telogen effluvium. Effluviums commonly affect different phases of the hair growth cycle. Hair follicles on the scalp do not constantly produce hair. The follicles cycle through a growth stage that can last two or more years, they then revert to a resting stage for up to two months before starting to grow new hair again. At any time on a healthy scalp about 80% to 90% of the hair follicles are growing hair. This active stage of hair growth is called the anagen phase. This also means that at any given time 10% to 20% of the follicles on the scalp are in a resting stage called telogen, where they are not producing any hair. Telogen effluvium occurs when there is a significant change in the number of hair follicles in the anagen phase. When this happens, more hair is in the telogen phase, which results in telogen effluvium, or shedding. The cause of this type of hair loss is not always easy to discover, as it may be a result of stress, postpartum alopecia, vaccinations, extreme or quick weight loss, physical trauma and/or diet. Fortunately, people experiencing telogen effuvium will not suffer permanent hair loss because it is fully reversible and they will no t completely lose their hair but rather they may see their hair become much thinner. . Most people suffering form telogen effuvium will see aShow MoreRelatedHair Loss And Skin Loss809 Words   |  4 Pagesabout Hair Loss and Treatments to get rid of it Hair loss is a major issue because it not only a complex medical condition but also affects every aspect of the sufferer’s life. Here is good news to the people of Sheffield because we provide resources and support to those who are seeking out solution to hair loss problems. We cover different types of surgical and non-surgical hair loss treatment that is tailored to your specific needs. Overview: The thinning of hair on the scalp is called hair lossRead MoreEssay on Rogaine Case1376 Words   |  6 Pagestarget men and women between the ages of 25 to 49 for their Rogaine product. Since Rogaine’s introduction as a prescription drug the product has grossed over $700 million in sales. At the time of the case research estimated that there were about 20 million women and 40 million men in the United States with thinning hair or baldness. Out of this group 38.6 percent of women say they would seek treatment for hair loss and 30.4 percent of men say they would seek treatment. Combined men and women are estimatedRead Morepropecia case1175 Words   |  5 PagesHelping Make Hair Loss History 1. Define Propecia’s potential customer base. What is Propecia competing against in the consumer’s mind? What can be learned from Rogaine’s experience in the marketplace? Propecia is a drug against hair loss, effective both on stopping and reversing the Male Pattern Hair Loss. According to Tom Casola, the brand manager of Propecia, the potential customer base is at least half of the male population, as MPHL occured in 30-40 million American men, which isRead MorePharmacia Upjohn Case Study897 Words   |  4 PagesOlena Scarboro August 12, 2012 University of South Carolina Case: Pharmacia amp; Upjohn, Inc. Rogaine Hair Regrowth Treatment Challenge: * 2/9/1996 – FDA approves Rogaine Hair Regrowth Treatment for OTC sale * 4/5/1996 – Pharmacia amp; Upjohn, Inc. request for marketing exclusivity is denied by FDA * 4/12/1996 - Pharmacia amp; Upjohn, Inc. files a lawsuit against the FDA * 4/15/1996 – A temporary restraining order prohibiting the FDA actions * 4/30/1996 – The FederalRead MoreLetter of Transmittal1144 Words   |  5 PagesApproach †¢ Marketing Strategy †¢ Positioning Statement Executive Summery We are four partners starting a new Hair Gel producing company named Passion Play Company Ltd. Our product has some exceptional qualities that we are going to imply on the target market. For this reason, we have established a Business Plan that includes our company details, a market research of hair gel products. We have also exposed our product ingredients on details. We’ve divided the market through Market SegmentationRead MoreEssay On Hair Cells1309 Words   |  6 PagesHair cells are alive and must have an appropriate nutrition. Human beings have 100 to 150 thousand strands of hair; each one grows almost 13 cm (5 inches) in 5 to 6 years. When each strand dies, the period for regrowth lasts almost 4 months. Keratine is the main fibrous proteine of the hair made of amino acids such as sulfur containing cysteine and methionine. †¢ The disulfide bonds are abundantly present in curly hair as disulfide bonds. Perms and relaxing treatments take advantage of these disulfideRead MoreEssay on Hair Transplant: What to Do for This Procedure797 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Hair loss is one of the most widely reported problems, coming second to only acne, in the field of Dermatology. In medical terminology, hair loss is known as Alopecia. It can have several causes, including fungal infection, auto immune disorder (improper functioning of immune system), damaging of scalp due to trauma, as a result of cancer treatment (radiotherapy and chemotherapy in particular) and due to certain nutritional deficiencies, primarily that of Iron. The most aggressive formRead MoreWomen s Self Esteem And Body Image Struggles1580 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States of America has always had this ideal of what the perfect women should look like in today’s world has this idea that being the perfect women is the most essential inquiry in today’s world. Photographers in the fashion industry spend hours and hours editing pictures, taking off beauty marks, shrinking curves, and taking away women’s flaws, changing their looks to the ideal body we all hav e in our minds, completely flawless. There’s this stereotype of the white perfect girl havingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Rape Of The Lock By Alexander Pope1134 Words   |  5 Pagesshowing the frivolousness of 18th century English society. Originally, this mock-epic poem was written about an event occurring in 1711 (Boldizsà ¡r, â€Å"Alexander Pope†). A certain Lord Robert Petre (referred to as â€Å"The Baron† in this poem) cut off a lock of hair from his fiance, Arabella Fermor (known as â€Å"Belinda†) in public (â€Å"Alexander Pope†). Even though The Baron meant this as a practical joke, a feud erupted between their two families. (Boldizsà ¡r, â€Å"Alexander Pope†). This prompted Alexander Pope to writeRead MoreScience Investigatory Project3840 Words   |  16 PagesThe Feasibility of Ginger Extract as Anti- Hair loss An Investigatory Project Of Antionette Lois R. Antonio II - Apple Bansud Institute Poblacion, Bansud Oriental Mindoro Table of Contents I. Title Page†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ i II. Table of Contents†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ii III. 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Human Resource Management Essay - 1964 Words

In this assignment I intend to outline the development of Personnel Management (PM) and Human resource management (HRM). Briefly describing their development and the role they play in a work place today. I will then discuss the role HRM played in changing the approaches adopted by management to employment, before finally hypothesising about the future direction of HRM. PM can be traced all the way back to the late 18th century and the industrial revolution in England. However for the purpose of this assignment my analysis will begin much later after the Second World War (WW2). WW2 created a massive demand for labour and in particular personal specialists. It was in late 1946 that these specialists created the Institute of Personnel†¦show more content†¦These changes took place for a number of reasons. The economy in general was changing and there was a shift from manufacturing to service and the focus moved to customers both internally and externally. Huge technological strides were made during this period which allowed business to change with it. There was also a change in attitude towards employees so, family friendly policies were introduced and employers tried to help employees achieve a work life balance. HRM started to become an integral part of business, where PM had been reactive HRM became proactive and was involved in decision making. They are also involved with management up to board level and contribute to the bottom line of the business (profit). HRM is now responsible for the hard S’s: strategic planning, structure, systems and service internal/external. HRM still includes the soft S’s and these are now much less involved because HRM is about planning ahead and making provisions for retirements, temporary cover for busy periods and other foreseeable and unforeseeable problems ahead. HRM staff now work closely with unions, with a close relationship both parties are now far better at avoiding union action and problems can generally be sorted quickly with little fuss. There is still a great debate between academics as to whether HRM is a whole new concept or just a repackaging of PM. Some experts, for example Legge 1995 and Storey 1989; 1995 suggest that the message itself is not theShow MoreRelatedHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management1140 Words   |  5 Pagesa business efficiently? Human Resource Management (HRM). Human Resources is the solid foundation that practically oversees the entire organization, whether its managing employees to surveilling the progress of every single department. There are six principle functions that Human Resource take into account: employee relations, recruitment, compliance, compensation and benefits, training and development, and safety (policies/regulations). Over time Human Resource Management has taken a new role intoRead MoreHuman Resources Management And Human Resource Management2123 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction The study of human resource management becomes a major topic of the science of management at the beginning of 20th century and keeps attracting researchers’ attention (Merkle, 1980). The new models of human resource management derive from the advance of management theories and the accumulation of practices and experiences. With the development of global economy, the economic situation of each country deeply affects the world and becomes closely connected. In addition, the needs of customersRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management1138 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Resources Management Hilti continues to grasp on success and expand globally, but their path weren’t always well defined. The company began in 1941 and historically they’ve kept to traditional strategies when it came to recognizing human resource requirements. In the early 2000’s, the company established a new set initiatives, aimed at doubling revenue and operating profits. Hilti also recognized that this type of growth would require invigorating ideas to employ human resourcing requirementsRead MoreHuman Resource Management And Human Resources Management941 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resources Management is one of the most important aspects of any organization, whether it be non-profit, not for profit, or profit. Human Resources Management is what makes it possible for a manager to be able to focus on their work and tasks at hand and not have to deal with lots of unneeded interpersonal activities. They are in charge of correctly evaluating the candidates that the managers will have to work with for the duration of the candidate’s stay. They are responsible for makingRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management835 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resource Management â€Å"They humanize the brand and help workforce communities thrive† (Who). A human resource management position may be the job for you. Every business and enterprise has a human resource manager, including Starbucks, Disney and even Apple. This job includes planning and coordination, organization, consulting employees and to oversee the work and employees. All the schooling and stress that comes along with this occupation pays off in the end with an enjoyable job. HumanRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management1398 Words   |  6 Pages Human Resource Management Overview Tanya Phillips Dr. Andrea Scott, PhD HSA 320, Strayer University October 31, 2016 Human Resources Management Overview Human resources (HR) is the different kinds of clinical and nonclinical responsibilities for public and individual health involvement. The benefits and performance the system can deliver depends upon the knowledge, skills and motivation of those responsible for providing health services. Human resource managers don’t directlyRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management2534 Words   |  11 PagesIn most cases managers look at human resource management as an expense to a company rather than a source of benefit to the company however, research has proved that human resource management practices can be of greater value. Valuable decisions such as whom to recruit, what package to offer, the training necessary for the new recruits and how to assess employee performance directly affects the employee motivation and as such do affect the ability of the employee to provide products which the consumersRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management95 8 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resource Management Overview As we all know when it comes to every business and organization that is out there, they all need help from Human Resources to continue to help the company grow. What is human resource management? Well Human Resource Management is the overall process that deals with how Human Resources manages their employees as well as different issues that can come across within the organization. Human Resource Management are in charge of different tasks including recruiting asRead MoreHuman Resources Management : Human Resource Management820 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resources Management Proper Planning is one of the most important aspects of human resource management. Without proper execution of plans, the particular needs of an organization that are the responsibility of human resources will not be reached, and therefore, will fall short of what is necessary for meeting the goals of an organization (DeCenzo, Robbins Verhulst 2013).There are many facets a human resource manager must be familiar with in order to run an organization. The functions of humanRead MoreHuman Resource Management : Human Resources Management1264 Words   |  6 Pagesand research with my family, I decided to go into human resource management, specifically in a hospital. Many people questioned and often said â€Å"Why human resource management?† My answer, I chose human resource managers because I believe they are a vital part of a hospitals success. They make the plans, they direct the staff and they coordinate how people work together and where they need to be. Throughout this paper , I will describe human resource managers- what they do, what are the requirements

Power point presentation free essay sample

A slide show is a es of still images on a projection screen or electronic display device, typically in a prearranged sequence. Each image is usually displayed for at least a few seconds, and sometimes for several minutes, before it is replaced by the next image. The changes may be automatic and at regular intervals or they may be manually controlled by a presenter or the viewer. Slide shows originally consisted of a series of individual photographic slides projected onto a screen with a slide projector. When referring to the video or computer-based visual equivalent, in which the slides are not individual physical objects, the term is often written as one word, slideshow. A slide show may be a presentation of images purely for their own visual interest or artistic value, sometimes unaccompanied by description or text, or it may be used to clarify or reinforce information, ideas, comments, solutions or suggestions which are presented verbally. We will write a custom essay sample on Power point presentation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Slide shows are sometimes still conducted by a presenter using an apparatus such as a carousel slide projector or an overhead projector, but now the use of an electronic video display device and a computer running presentation software is typical. Animation Animation is the process of creating a continuous motion and shape change illusion by means of the rapid display of a sequence of static images that minimally differ from each other. The illusion—as in motion pictures in general—is thought to rely on the phi phenomenon. Animations can be recorded on either analogue media, such as a flip book, motion picture film, video tape, or on digital media, including formats such as animated GIF ,Flash animation or digital video. To display it, a digital camera, computer, or projector are used. Presentation Presentation is the rehearsal of performance and the explanation of the content of a theme to viewers or students. In the business world, we have sales presentation, informational and motivational presentation, first encounters, interviews, briefings, status report, image building and training sessions. presentation of a seri

Memory is deceptive because it is coloured by todays events Essay Example

Memory is deceptive because it is coloured by todays events Essay Literature is a constantly contested and revised term coined to separate the literary world into works of superior or lasting artistic merit and the ‘other’. This elitist nature used by literary ‘scholars’ created the foundation for all the teachings and ideals of the social, cultural and political thoughts of their times. The worth of literature and the means of classification have stemmed from a culmination of varying critique, seen by the changes in phase of perspective from Modernism; valuing the ‘grand narratives of truth’; to New Criticism; the objective evaluation of the ‘text’; and Post-modernism; the movement away from the hierarchy of literature. Thematics, messages, tropes, contexts and the social, cultural and political hierarchy of the time all contribute to the literary ‘worth’ of a text. This agglomeration of features develops texts consisting of the utmost textual integrity; the flow and connection between all the facets of texts. Gail Jones, ‘Sixty Lights’, set in Australia, India and England in the 19th Century, follows the multi-faceted life of the capricious and palimpsest Lucy Strange as she develops and uncovers her modernistic view of light and the world, through the tragedies that befall her and the opportunities that arise. We will write a custom essay sample on Memory is deceptive because it is coloured by todays events specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Memory is deceptive because it is coloured by todays events specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Memory is deceptive because it is coloured by todays events specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Jones develops a highly intricate and polysensual novel enveloping multiple theories on light, exploring and presenting ideas around photography, memory, light, darkness, ghostliness and the non-linearity of time, through her ambiguity, lyrical lexicon, pre-emption, construction, content, language, binaries, intertextuality and manipulation of the forms and modes of narratives. This abundance of noted facets allow for the multiple interpretations and over-arching worth of ‘Sixty Lights’ as a beautifully composed and worthy text supporting its inclusion in the HSC Prescriptions List. What remade her world: The capture of light. ’(Pg. 139). ‘Sixty Lights’ is set in the 19th Century Victorian society, where the rise of photography becomes apparent and expands to become the ubiquitous form of memory in the 21st Century. Photography; ‘light writing’ is the central theme in the novel, it is ambiguous in the sense that not only does Lucy develop her love and appreciation of this ‘light writing’ but also Gail Jones lexicon choice is a form of ‘light writing’, creating whimsical images captured through her lexicon of image-laden words and light embedded words. Conical’ is repeated throughout the novel in order to both represent the act of photography, the flooding of light into a single image, and the co-working of photography and memory, ‘silver and conical; as seen in the opening scene. This ‘light writing’ is evident throughout, as each sentence; each paragraph can stand alone as an image, as a beacon of light. Photography has without doubt made her a seer; she is a woman of the future, someone leaning into time, beyond others, precarious, unafraid to fall’, there is constant reference to her ‘falling’ and ‘stepping’ into the future, instead of dwelling on the past, she moves on to the prospects of the future. This futuristic and unconventional thought process is in its essence modernist. Lucy, although from the Victorian era, is a modernist character, unhindered or swayed by the conventions of her social construct, searching, discovering and capturing the truths that are imbedded in the world. She travels the streets un-chaperoned at night; she tastes ‘pan-wallah’ in India and moves from the ‘science’ of photography into the aesthetic and omnipresent nature of the image. ‘Sixty Lights’ primarily mimics the action of memory, recurring and redoubling as a series of hallucinated images which re-member the Victorian period. With its sixty chapters that read as sixty snapshots, some apparently unrelated to the others, ‘Sixty Lights’ is equivalent to an album of photographs; a collection of memories, offering images that are partly shrouded by shadow, ‘flecked with time’, coloured by loss, following along with Lucy’s personal philosophy. The implication of the novels’ depiction of reading as the drawing off of other experiences is that ‘Sixty Lights’ offers the Victorian era as the seance of another experience, another time, into ourselves. Indeed, through the notion of embodied and inherited memory, they offer the Victorian era as part of our heritage, and inheritance; the Victorian period is written into our cultural memory. Thus, the Victorian past is offered to us, through a series of references to popular Victorian novels, photographs, fashion, events and landmarks, as an afterimage, a picture that we continue to see in ‘ghosted’ form. ‘Sixty Light’ is a repetition of the Victorian period, medium for its haunting presence. The exploration of Victorian photography and reading foregrounds memory’s discourse, both its loss and retrieval writing the Victorian period into our cultural memory, and suggesting that it has left myriad traces embodied in texts, images and other material, if transient, forms. Rather than focus upon the problematisation of historical representation, ‘Sixty Lights’ utilises the spectrality of the photograph as a means to explore the uncanny repetition of the Victorian past in the present, and to focus upon the possibility of recovery, the attempt at repayment, even if that which is restored amounts only to the aberrant presence of the ghost. Each posits the historical novel as one means through which the Victorian past can be remembered, if not restored, through the power of language. Thus, in ‘Sixty Lights’ literary text is depicted as an important medium for materialising the past and makes it a culturally worthy text to study. Her use of these theories of lights also intertwines with another exceptional feat she managed to engineer, the intertextualisation of numerous, novels, essays, myths etc. into her novel. Prominent throughout her novel is the Camera Lucida, Roland Barthes, a book with prolific ideas on the effect of photography and objects on memory. He explores two fundamental themes of photography, the studium; the desired message, and the punctum; that accident that disturbs the harmony of the studium. The contrast of Victor and Lucy as photographers: Lucy whom favours the ‘Maculare: stained, spotted, blemished’, the punctum as Barthes would say, whilst Victor favours the ‘immaculare: like the Holy Virgin’ or the studium. Not only does she use theoretical books to instil in the readers a broader sense of understanding to her purpose of the novel, to capture in itself the significance of lights, its effects on ‘seeing’ and its interstitial lucidity, but also adapts narratives and children’s stories in order to give a deeper insight into Lucy. The Princess and the Pea is used to reveal, almost overtly, the sensitivity of Lucy to the light and the world. ‘Lucy was enchanted by the magically sensitivity of princess†¦the felt the tiniest impressions’ (Pg. 27) this ‘enchantment’ of Lucy to some figure, or idea, is symbolic of a shift, or a revelation, of Lucy as she discovers this deep-settled facet of her own self, as her mother says ‘My princess’ (Pg. 31). This ‘sensitivity’ to the lucidity, the ‘subtle beyond’, carries with her throughout the novel. This intertextualisation of not only theoretical and subjective texts, but also the mythical and imaginative, makes a superiorly prepared and thought out novel, worthy of critical analysis. This broadly Bildungsroman text, following the birth to death development of Lucy, is not all that it seems, nor does it try to conceal it. Lucy in the present is in a ‘phantasmic dialogue with the past’, personifying this folding of the past into the present, synchronous with her viewing and ‘stepping into the future’. This folding and pleating of time, is portrayed through many forms in the text, photography, at its base, Lucy’s pre-emption of the future, the links between chapters and the recurring theme of ghostliness. ‘Sixty Lights’ raises the possibility of spectral visitations through both Thomas and the spiritualist Madam Esperance, the notion of the past as revenant is largely elaborated through the ghostliness of photography. Rather than the actual ‘ghost’, it is the ghostliness of photography that becomes a metaphor for this revenant past. In Sixty Lights Neville greets the spiritualist’s luminous image, supposedly the ghost of Honoria, with the whispered word ‘ectoplasm’ (Pg. 94). He believes ‘it is ectoplasm ghosts are composed of’ (Pg. 92), and which Madame Esperance can summon. Barthes deploys the same language to describe photography. This word, ectoplasm, entwines the ghostly image and the photograph as images of an abnormal, or haunting presence. In Sixty Lights the desire to make dead voices speak transforms into the desire to cheat the obliterating action of time and death by creating permanent images, through words and writing, as defences against forgetting. Thus, one of the period’s important technological inventions, the photograph, is proclaimed as ‘the future’ but is, paradoxically, entangled to the past through its yearning for memory-made-permanent. Lucy is wholly anachronistic, she ‘saw both the past and the future’, as ‘Photographs cracked open time’ (pg. 235). This is synonymous with the construction of the novel, connecting chapters to following and preceding chapters; the opening ‘Lucy’ takes us to page 157 where her and Isaac share a bed and he calls her name, the development of Honoria and James, pre-Honoria’s death, are juxtaposed to the development of Lucy and Thomas, post-death, and the seeming misplaced images from her own novel, ‘Special Things Seen’, all act as a metaphor and a medium for a past cyclic, both lost and, paradoxically, perpetuated, continuously repeated in the present. These ‘ruptures’ of time, are utilized by Jones to canvass the non-linearity of time ‘the false liveliness of clocks’, and especially the affect grief and mourning have on the pleating of time. Archetypal of this ‘multitemporal’ construction of ‘Sixty Lights’ is Micheal Serres ‘Conservations of Science, Culture and Time’, ‘the handkerchief represents†¦concept of time which distance and proximity are stable and clearly define; but crumpled in the pocket the handkerchief evokes a ‘topological’ concept of time in which previously distant points ‘become close or even superimposed’†¦ Modernity, can be imagine as pleated or crumpled time, drawing together the past, present and future. In essence, Lucy is symbolic of the anachronistic nature time, a handkerchief crumpled bringing together the lives of her mother, and the future of her child and all the light in-between. This intricate weaving of time, transforms the traditionally conservative and despotic Bildungsroman into a modernist text, it can be seen that this straying away from the mainstream of forms is unconventional and overwhelming, placing the reader in a state of confusion and ‘jump’ state, where time is juggled, but this not only deepens and supports the themes of the novel, but adds another layer, creating the ‘maculate’. Although the novel is based on a Bildungsroman structure, it is written in a post-modernist perspective. Post-modernism, fundamentally, is a move against modernism, its stems from a recognition that reality is not simply mirrored in human understanding of it, but rather, is constructed as the mind tries to understand its own particular and personal reality. For this reason, postmodernism is highly skeptical of explanations which claim to be valid for all groups, cultures, traditions, or races, and instead focuses on the relative truths of each person. In the postmodern understanding, interpretation is everything; reality only comes into being through our interpretations of what the world means to us individually. Postmodernism relies on concrete experience over abstract principles, knowing always that the outcome of ones own experience will necessarily be fallible and relative, rather than certain and universal. ‘Sixty Lights’ is a highly ambiguous title. The sixty chapters of the novel, sixty lights that resonate in her mind and the festival of lights, the birth of Emma, are all interpretable from the title. It is evident that this novel encompasses all things light. Thus, it is uncanny that the novel, so surrounded and encapsulated in light, begins the novel in darkness. This dark introduces two binary themes in the novel, light and dark, and life and death, which shall be explored furthermore. Light is constantly referred to, constructed and resonated throughout the novel. Lucy uses it to form her passion for photography and her sensitivity to the world. The opening scene opens in the darkness, broken first by sound, followed by a string of sensual chains. Insects struck at the mosquito net, which fell silver and conical, like a bridal garment around them’ introduces light to the novel and also light to Lucy ‘a small flare of light’. This light follows Lucy throughout her life, till her death bed, where she was ‘anticipating, more than anything, and abyss of light†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ It is metaphorical of her ability to ignite like a ‘magnesium ribbon’ through the hardships that befall her, whilst being symbolic of the importance of ‘seeing’ in the world of the reader; it is as much an opening to the world of Lucy as it is to the personal lives of the readers. Alternatively, and equally as justifiable, Lucy is seen as a lighthouse, the light beneath the dark, ‘But the desert light’, she said, ‘is scintillating’†¦ Thomas too thought about it many years later†¦ [when he tried] To recover his dead sister’s face, drifting over the surface of the desert. ’ Although light fills novel, darkness fills the empty spaces creating a full-hearted, well-rounded novel. This opposing shade acts as a medium through which grief and mourning manifest and are expressed. In contrast to Lucy followed and enshrouded by light, Thomas is her reversal. This darkness encompasses Thomas from early in the novel, it is when his sleep-walking is betoken, and in has a pinnacle and lasting impression on him, ‘The impersonation of himself was more fearsome than his father’s face appearing on the hallway mirror. The dark around him was welling, as though it would swallow and cover him. Darkness in bucketsful†¦[it] was the hypnotic confirmation of a solitude that he would carry throughout his life’ (pg. 38-39). This epitomizes the grief that he ‘carries throughout life’ and is created by this ‘welling’ of the darkness around him. This dichotomy is not only used to be symbolic of the grief and mourning, but it also ties into her ‘light writing’ and helps to develop ‘snapshots in prose’, images layered into the construction of her sentences. This layering of light and darkness fashions the characters within the novel and adds another interesting layer to this tiered novel, although it can be seen as a highly cliche use of light and dark as forms of representing the inner aura of characters, it is sophistically executed and allows for the discovery of that extra inkling of light after multiple reads, making it worthy of critical study. Sixty Lights’ is everlastingly imprinted by life and death, juxtaposed to each other and evident as two of the only things certain in life; people will live and people will die. These two concepts are recurring in all her works and play a key role in each. The poignant fact of Lucy’s short life, presented to us at the beginning, ‘her own death – in a few years time, at the age of twenty-two. ’ (Pg. 42), is an introduction to the novel and to the steadfast nature of death. There are two key juxtapositions that occur in the book, in terms of life and death. The opening introduces us to Lucy, and the growing life within her, the ‘tiny baby hand in the darkness’, which is then juxtaposed to the revealing of her death at the ‘age of twenty-two’. Secondly and more strongly presented is through the death of Honoria as she harbours new life. This cogent juxtaposition forms the foundation of the novel, the unescapable nature of life and death. In many ways, Lucy and Thomas are binary oppositions; they oppose each other in terms of the era they reflect. Firstly, their rituals are unanimous but their sense and reaction to grief are in stark contrast, ‘bereavement settled as an abstract quality of distortion’. Lucy’s reaction to grief stems to that of distraction in the form of destruction, converting any bereavement into a form of relinquishing her humanity and inflicting damage, becoming in a sense the cause of death. Thomas, on the other hand, follows the endemic form of grieving and ‘burst into tears†¦[and] disappeared for a whole day. These contrasting forms of grief swathe, which Jones values, the multiple ways in which ‘bereavement settles’. This broader understanding and acceptance of life and death create a sense of consciousness within the novel, one, which speaks to the reader in ways of the personal and social, moulding this novel to that beyond the norm, making it of superior worth, a novel worthy of inclusion of the HSC Prescriptions List. Stand alone, each of these layers in t he novel work as ultimately simplistic and used themes, although they do stand out as original in their representation. The success of ‘Sixty Lights’ as a worthy text does not simply come down to the quantity and quality of the themes, these are all in great quality and numerous quantities, but as many argue, for quantity, more is less, if the quality is superior. But one cannot simply say, the novel is not worthy of text due to the vast amounts of knowledge it holds, due to the fact that it is so intricately, delicately and sophistically interwoven and interconnected that it is of supreme worth, its punctum does not disturb the harmony of its studium, but give it the greatest level of exposure, falling together with the utmost textual integrity. Sixty Lights’ is a modernist text, of a Victorian lady, from a post-modernist perspective. The only way such a feat, such a mesh of the three vastly differing literary forms, could only have been achieved by the textual integrity of Lucy, the conduit between the three. She is a woman, living in the present, viewing the past and future simultaneously through the lens of her perspective, motivated by the light beneath the lampshade (Lampshade: a hoop around an untellable story), a palimpsest unveiled.

Reflection on Capitalism essays

Reflection on Capitalism essays It seems that in the United States of America Capitalism streams with grace. For me capitalism seems to be the best way for an economy to grow. Some may say, capitalism is unfair in terms of competition and giving the best possible price to the consumer. Or that capitalism creates classes where the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. Im no doctor of the economy, or a spokesperson for all of America, but I feel that companys can be more profitable both in an economic and a personal standpoint by running a business based on capitalism. Looking at the predicament with competition, from most of my experiences at this stage of life for me, competition has done great things in terms of making products cheaper for me. For example, the computer hardware business, I built a computer one year ago using an Intel Pentium II 300mhz processor. I paid $520 for the motherboard and processor. Since AMD (a competitor of Intel) came out with the AMD K-6-2 processor, Intels prices have dropped considerably. As a matter of fact, I was on the Internet just yesterday and saw that I could by an Intel Pentium II 333mhz processor and a motherboard for just $335. Its just too bad that I couldnt say the same for Microsofts prices. But that topic alone could spawn a novel. I think that of late, many Americans have less faith in their government than they did 50 years ago. And having the government control the countrys industry would create all kinds of dilemmas. I was thinking about the statement the rich get richer and the poor get poorer and also about capitalism creating economic classes among society. Again, Im not a economics major, so the next few statements are going to be based on my assumption that - the difference between say, a doctors salary and a janitors salary in a capitalist economy would be much more significant than in a socialist econ...

The Best Time Management Tips for Busy Professionals

The Best Time Management Tips for Busy Professionals Running a business is no easy feat! As an entrepreneur, you need to handle intense workload in a dynamic business environment. No matter how much work you have, all you have got are just 24 hours to manage them all! What if you fail to cope up with the workflow within the stipulated time?Relax! You don’t need to get disappointed.Maybe you are trying your best, but there is always room for improvement. It’s high time that you master some time management techniques to run your business smoothly. If you don’t have a brilliant plan, you can’t manage your time effectively.When complex tasks seem to be daunting, take your time. Break extensive tasks into manageable parts. Delegate tasks to the experts, and get more things done in less time. Even if you can’t complete everything at once, at least you can make the progression steady. Proceed with the tasks in such a way, so that the progress can be measured periodically.Putting a plan in place will help you achieve today what you’d otherwise put off until tomorrow. Revisit the plan regularly and make adjustments to it when needed.Remember that true productivity isn’t measured by the amount of time you remain busy. It’s about how efficiently you can perform to achieve the desired result.Thinking how to manage your time effectively? We have made your work simpler!The VA team at MyTasker has developed a comprehensive infographic on 17 Time Management Tips for Busy Entrepreneurs. These tips will help you strengthen your business strategies so that you remain stress-free.Go through the following infographic and get to know how to manage your time effectively!

Unit 3 Public Health in my backyard Research Paper

Unit 3 Public Health in my backyard - Research Paper Example The programs on public health will surely develop the individual’s interests, career and goals in life. One of the famous program on psychiatric unit is the AA—Alcohol Anonymous Program, which follows a twelve-step recovery model treatment program. The program assists the person with substance abuse problem. In addition, AA does not involve any monetary obligations but would make a contractual requirement with the treatment agencies respectively (Galanter and Kaskutas, 2008, p. 3-4). Alcohol Anonymous is distinctive, unique and voluntary mutual aid organization. Community Assessments is important in determining the population who is at risk of disease or health disparities. In doing an assessment and to identify the problem, they use qualitative and quantitative measures. For example, the community organizer uses techniques to solve the problems easily such as doing surveys, interviews, and even questionnaires. As a result, the organizer can assess the population who is most affected, the factors that contribute in exacerbating the problem. Public Health Programs are assessed, diagnosed, planned and finally implemented based on the community assessments and the resources available in the area, which will potentially lead to change and improvement of the community (Harris, 2010, p. 3). I remember one of my cousins named Kaye who weighs 120 pounds (57 kg.) at the age of 11. By merely observing Kaye, I can tell that she is overweight. Kaye always asked the school nurse why she is always included in the list of malnourished children when she believes that she’s not. Learning this, Kaye’s grandmother decided to join the health program in the community—the healthy dieting program, weight monitoring, and exercise program to solve Kaye’s problem. The case of Kaye involves five (5) stages of behavioral change: (Riegelman,

Accounting Implications to Enron Corporation Case Study

Accounting Implications to Enron Corporation - Case Study Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the Enron Company had a robust outlook of accounts; it was highly valued stock, and it had a good reputation for making profits. Being a fast-growing company with high promotion activities, Enron was heading for great heights in business. These characteristics are ideal for any person who wants to invest, and therefore, Enron had many investors coming. The accountants did not lay out their true and fair financial records. The accountant’s application of creative accounting practices to manipulate the accuracy of the records was a common practice. The management did this by establishing many limited liability special purpose entities in order for Enron’s accounting officers to transfer liability. This bid to ensure all accounts appear without liabilities was a strategy that seeks to maintain a robust and increasing stock price, thereby keeping its investment grade credit ratings. The role of the accountant is to ensure the m aintenance of accurate books of accounts, a role that the accountants clearly did not perform. Confidence in the financial information produced by professional accountants is one of the main driving forces for public investments. Accountants have the role of safeguarding the public’s interest by providing information that is true and fair for investors’ decision-making. The manipulation of accounts in order to favor the company and thereby deceive the public to rush to invest is unethical. There is a conflict of interest in these dealings. The accountant has to oversee the maintenance of the image of the organization and at the same time protect the interest of the public. This context becomes worse when an accountant also has personal interests in the dealings of the organization. In such instances, accountants should declare any form of conflicting interests and seek guidance when working during such situations. However, this was the fraud by the organization; the pu blic interest should take precedence over personal and organizational interests.

The role that work has in one’s life Essay Example for Free

The role that work has in one’s life Essay In today’s busy world of lightning fast communication, what has the term â€Å"work† come to mean? It can be anything that one must do out of necessity and not out of joy; like raking one’s yard. It may also be defined as a task one must accomplish in a timely manner to be compensated with monetary gain. Pride and self-worth are achieved through work. Moving up in a career and station in life are achieved accordingly to how much heart, attention and sweat one puts into their job and their work. Respect from family and friends can be directly related to a person’s work ethic. â€Å"That Uncle Frank is such a good provider, he was able to send his son to Harvard and buy him a new Jeep after graduation. † This is an example of accolades that appear in casual conversation, praising a family member who is a high achiever. The act of working can keep a person on focus. Having a defined schedule can often keep people out of trouble by keeping them busy. Work also helps one set goals and meet them in a timely manner. By working, most people expand their knowledge base and are often forced to learn about new theories and keep up with new technology advances that they may be left behind on, if it was not mandatory for their career. Work makes the world go ‘round and operate like a fine tuned machine. Just imagine if no one wanted to work in the capacity of a garbage collector. In a matter of weeks, our country would be covered in debris and terribly unsanitary. Likewise, if no one desired to be a nurse, many people would die as a consequence. The act of working also directly determines how well one will live. Depending on what job one takes and how often they work, directly affects how much money they will bring home. Our economy is dependant on workers. Workers equate to consumers. If people don’t work, the products will not get produced. If people don’t work, or if they work infrequently, they will not be able to consume. We as a nation depend on our citizens to be consumers, as this makes our economy stronger. The act of working and having a job also helps form a person’s social structure. Many people end up being friends and socializing with co-workers. This is often how families find a group to blend in with. Marriages, church associations and life long friendships are often forged through jobs. One’s work situation can definitely impact their economic welfare and their family’s joy factor. So, in conclusion, work smart and hard, and choose your job wisely.

The Purpose of Education Essay -- Philosophy of Education Teaching Tea

The Purpose of Education Education has existed throughout history in one form or another. The process of passing down accumulated information from one generation to the next has been present in every human society, past and present. From the young listening to the stories of the elders around the hearths of the ancient world, to pupils being instructed in the alphabet in a one room schoolhouse on the American frontier, to the present day online teaching sessions; the tradition of teaching and learning has been a constant in the ever changing world. Education has been and continues to be used for many purposes, chief among them being the creation of an educated citizenry, the empowerment of that citizenry, and improvement of the individual, and the nation as a whole. Some of the first proponents of an intensive education were the ancient Greeks and Romans who sought to create stronger and smarter societies. The Greeks in particular sought to educate their youths to create the next generation of leaders in their city state. Systems of education ensured that those elected to office will be equipped with the necessary skills for work in government. These concerns are still tantamount today as educators teach the next senators, congressmen, and presidents of our nation. Due to their future importance our citizens need to learn about how our government works as well as become versed in many other subjects. This educational process creates a well rounded citizen who is...

Hero’s Heart Essay

â€Å"Not the glittering weapon fights the fight, but rather the hero’s heart. † (Proverbs Quotes) I agree with Proverbs, that the hero’s heart fights the fight because I believe that a hero can be a hero without having to use a weapon. I believe that a hero is someone that is mentally strong and has the ability to lead, that it is showing dedication to a quest, and that is not giving up even when the world around you seems like it has given up on you. Heroism is being capable of being mentally strong and has the ability to be a leader. In the poem A Man by Nina Cassian a man has lost an arm in while fighting for his country. The man knows that he â€Å"shall only be able to do things by halves. † (Line 3) Even though â€Å"the man† has lost an arm he realized that he had to â€Å"set himself to do everything with twice as much enthusiasm. † The man recognizes his limitations but still has the will in his mind to push forward and never stop living life just because of one little set back. Also, a daughter writes about her mother, Ana, who is struggling through cancer. Ana’s daughter says that even though she is going through cancer again â€Å"she gets up with a smile and still has the strength to be a mother to me. † This shows that Ana is mentally strong because she is able to care for her loved ones as for someone else they would most likely give up and not want to deal with the pain any longer, especially if they have already gone through cancer and it has come back. In addition, in the movie Mulan, the main character has to be strong and take her father’s place in the army to save his life. She has to be mentally strong to deal with all of the things that she may face when she goes to war. Examples of heroism are when people, whether they are real people in movies or characters out of books dedicate their lives to a quest. In the Odyssey, Odysseus goes on the quest of killing the Cyclops. He has to go on this quest so that he can protect the people in his village. He is a hero because he gave the Cyclops wine â€Å"so that he could taste the sort of drink he carried on his ship. † This shows he is a hero that goes on a quest because he had to give the Cyclops wine in order to kill him once he became drunk. Another example of heroism is Mulan the movie. In the movie Mulan, Mulan goes on a quest with the Chinese army to take the place of her father because he was too sick to fight; therefor Mulan chose to dress up as man to save her father’s life. In the passages written by Ana’s family members, they all feel that she is â€Å"strong† and that she has the â€Å"strength to carry on each an everyday. † Ana’s quest makes her a hero because even though she going through a rough patch she never gives up. Heroism is not giving up when the world around you seems as if they have given up on you. For in the poem A Man, he does not give up living his life even though he has lost an arm. He has turned this accident into a positive. He believes that â€Å"where the arm had been torn away a wing grew. † (Lines 17-18) I believe that this shows the man not giving up because he could have easily let his arm that was lost be the thing that he focuses on most every day but instead makes it a good thing. The man â€Å"set himself to do everything with twice as much enthusiasm. † Also, Ana, a cancer patient has to stay strong for her family. The only thing keeping Ana from giving up is her loving family. Ana’s daughter states that her mother says â€Å"keep going; keep going, like a giant guardian angel above the roaring crowd. † (Piece 3- lines 5-6) Lastly in Moco Limping, a dog named Moco had a dead leg. Moco wants his owner to love him as much as he loves him. â€Å"I feel his warm fur and his imperfection is forgotten. † In present day life the pop culture makes everything seem like if you don’t get fame for it then it is not important. Heroism isn’t about the fame and fortune, it’s about doing something for someone else or just for yourself; meaning that a hero is someone that is brave and has noble qualities. Being a hero can be as simple as saving one’s cat from a tree, pulling a dog out of a whole, or even fighting a deathly disease like cancer. When you have the will power and the courage to do something to help someone else or protect them you could be considered that person’s hero. You never know if you are a hero until you do something heroic. Throughout the process of analyzing these heroic qualities I have realized that a hero can be an everyday person in everyday life. If I am ever given the task to rise up and become a hero like the people and things I analyzed I hope I will have the courage like my characters did.

Study Guide on Communication

1. What is communication? How does communicating relate to parenting? Communication is sharing of meaning between two or more people, it relates to parenting because it helps guide and understand their child better. 2. How can financial issues affect parenting? Financial issues may cause families to spend less time together; children may spend more time be unsupervised and less quality time with their parents. 3. How does negative communication differ from positive communication? Positive parenting differ from negative parenting because positive parenting have to deal with guiding and teaching children and negative have to deal with yelling scream and punishment. 4. How can divorce affect children? Divorce affects children differently depending on the age group under five experience increased temper tantrums, difficulty sleeping, separation anxiety. School children may feel sadness, guilt, anger and develop phobias. Teens experience insecurity, sadness, and engage in drug use, criminal activities, unsafe sex, etc. . What are three tips that parents can use to improve communication with their children? Three communication tips are; 1) Make the child the focus of your attention. 2) Get down to the child's level physically (eye contact). 3) Delay or Pause conversation if you need to. Critical Thinking Questions 1. Why is it important that parents talk to their children about social issues such as divorce, finances, and unemployment? How can parents talk about di fficult topics? It is important because children can understand the problems that their family is having. They can sit down and talk to their child in a calm tone without giving negative contact. 2. When teenagers become parents, what are some of the challenges they face? Teens faces challenges such as depression, stress, fitting in with their peers and anxiety. 3. What are at least three techniques that parents can use when they are communicating with a child about a mistake or misbehavior? Three techniques parent can use are 1) Wait before criticizing out of anger. ) Start a constructive criticism conversation on a positive note. 3) Don’t jump to conclusion first get full story. Discussion Question 1. Who is someone that you feel you have a positive relationship with? What role do you think openness and truthfulness have in making this relationship positive? Someone who I have a positive relationship with is my aunt. I think openness and truthfulness play a big role because if it wasn’t for those I wouldn’t be able to have a positive good relationship with her. 2. What effects do you think the various types of media (TV, Internet, newspapers, Facebook, etc†¦) have on your own life and your family? Do you think the overall effect is negative or positive? How can parents reduce the negative effects? I think media have a negative effect on my life because I spend more time with the media than I do with my family and that’s not good. We are starting to be a little distant and not spend quality time with each other. I think my parents can spend less time with media stuff and more time with us.

Analysis of short stories by Thomas Hardy Essay Example

Analysis of short stories by Thomas Hardy Essay Example Analysis of short stories by Thomas Hardy Paper Analysis of short stories by Thomas Hardy Paper Essay Topic: Literature Thomas Hardy was born in 1840 and died in his late eighties. As a child Thomas Hardy spent most of his time in a small village near the edge of a wild moor land, which he called Egdon Heath in his stories. Hardys early years were spent at home in front of a warm fire with his grandmother and parents telling him stories about the neighbourhood that they had lived in for generations. Hardys Wessex tales and many other stories were all based on what he had seen through out his life and named his surroundings with what he wanted such as the nearest town, Dorchester, was changed to Casterbridge. Thomas Hardy created Wessex, and his short stories, like Wessex Tales. Wessex is based on a real worldly environment, an area in the South West of England that in real life includes counties such as Dorset, Somerset, Oxfordshire and Devon. In the days before televisions and films and in countries where many could not read, people still loved stories. Instead of seeing or reading them they heard them. People told each other stories and gossiped about what is happening around the neighbourhood, which was very small at the time. Since The Superstitious mans story is written in an anecdotal style it connects with how people used to gossip. At the beginning of The Superstitious mans story the words, as you may know are used giving readers an instant clue that this story is anecdotal. By using this anecdotal style Hardy immediately captures the readers attention by making them feel part the story. Hardy takes particular care to establish this style and uses dialect words to add authenticity such as, he came near ee; and who told me ot,. The text is written in the 3rd person, which gives the sense of a speaking voice with the narrator telling a past event to someone else about William Privett. The Superstitious mans story is set around l891, which was when it was written. Hardy creates suspense by the description of William Privett as a person who gave you the chills if he stood behind you, anywhere behind your back. close by tour elbow. The general structure of The Superstitious mans story is episodical, and each one begrudges a totally different storyline than the next. The point of writing the story in episodes is to hold back certain information and, in turn increase tension and drama and keep us wondering what is going to happen next. In all of his stories the writer puts little hints forward to make us vary of what is going to happen next and try and make us understand the true horror of the story. He uses them to suggest that something rather conspicuous is going to happen. Such hints as William was in good health, to al in appearance. The writer could have just said William is in good health but by adding to all appearance it makes us think more of what is going to happen. The Ending of The Superstitious mans story is predictable as you instantly expect that William Privett goes into the church on midsummers eve and does not come out again, he is going to die. According to superstitions anyone who goes to church on midsummers eve and not come out again is alleged to die in the near future. However what is not predictable is the anti-climax that the writer adds on to the story for effect. He states that William Privett is seen again, after he is dead at the spring where his son had died. This was rather unusual or strange in the context of the story because we did not know about his son dying and also did not expect William Privett to be seen again. Another of Thomas Hardys stories titled The Withered Arm is great in description as he uses this innate gift to express someone or something in the deepest form which could actually help the reader picture the person or object clearly. First of all, we can see clearly that marriages could only happen between people of the same class and that it could only be between social equals and this is one of the aspects of that the society judged a person on. Farmer Lodge was of a high class so married Gertrude, a beautiful young lady, also of high class. By doing this Farmer Lodge left Rhoda, who is of lower class. The reason why Rhoda sends her son to spy on Farmer Lodges new wife is to see if she is of equal society and is more beautiful, which was also looked on by society the appearance of a person. Rhoda presumes Farmer Lodge married Gertrude because she is beautiful and well off. This can be proven by the quote, And if she seems like a woman who has ever worked for a living, or one that has been well off, and never done anything, and shows marks of a lady on her, as I expect she do. Another major point of society was their superstitions, and the effects they had on peoples character. Superstition is first introduces in The Withered Arm, is through the dream Rhoda Brook has, and how society made certain people victims of their superstitions making them victims of societies beliefs. This is proven by the quote, she knew that she had slyly called a witch since her fall. This is written when Rhoda Brook wonders if she did have powers after she had a dream of Gertrude where she hurts her and she finds out that she really is and begins to question. The impact of society can be seen when Gertrude finds out that her husband likes her less because of her withered arm and because of that, she longs and craves for a solution and tries many cures, which turns her into a superstitious person as she is willing to believe in any cure just to get her husbands attention and love back once more. In this story we see Farmer Lodges clothes as, big great golden seals hung like a lord while Gertrude wore a, White bonnet and a silver coloured gown showing Hardys descriptive talents, which makes one understand that the way they dressed, was with so much sophistication and this clearly showed their position in the neighbourhood. The Withered Arm tends to be based on unfairness in society as people are said to be hung for minor things such as, horse stealing, arson and burglary, and sometimes not for the genuine reason of committing a crime, but so that an example would be set for other people so as to not to make the same mistake. This is shown when Thomas Hardy writes, they are obliged to make an example of him, there have been so much destruction of property lately. Nevertheless, The Distracted Preacher, another of Thomas Hardys collection is tragic as it based on how pious people were in Victorian times about religion. The Distracted Preacher is set in a town called Nether-Moynton, which was recreated by Hardy from a place near Dorchester called Owre Moyne (Owermoigne). Again society shows how people reacted towards appearance. The minister was good looking so it caused people to say, Why didnt we know of this before he came, that might have gived him a warmer welcome! With To Please His Wife Being bases on how a class in society and being well dressed can give you some powers over women and marriage. Overall I think that Thomas Hardy recreated his life time by using multiple storylines as The Superstitious Mans Story is based on superstition, and The Withered Arm based on how beauty and appearance affects status in society. The Distracted Preacher is based on, to some extent, religion and To Please His Wife is about authority and jealousy affecting true love. All of these life-like events are events that take place in someones life, and some how these collections of stories are like a deeply evolved and highly detailed diary of Thomas Hardys life.

Plans, Plains, and Planes

Plans, Plains, and Planes Plans, Plains, and Planes Plans, Plains, and Planes By Mark Nichol The three words in the headline for this post, and words derived from them- listed and defined below- stem from a common source. Plan, plain, and plane all derive from the Latin adjective planus, meaning â€Å"clear,† â€Å"even,† â€Å"flat, level,† and â€Å"plain.† Plan comes from the French word meaning â€Å"map†; the English word, originally a technical term in perspective drawing, soon came to apply to any diagram or drawing; usage was extended around the same time to refer to any set of details about a project or an event. The word also describes the action of preparing for a project or event. (A planform is the contour of a mass or object as seen from above.) The adjectival use of plain stems from the Old French word meaning â€Å"even,† â€Å"flat,† and â€Å"smooth† and came also to mean â€Å"clear† or â€Å"evident† as well as â€Å"free from obstruction.† Later, additional senses of â€Å"ordinary,† â€Å"undecorated,† and â€Å"unattractive† joined those meanings. Idioms include â€Å"plain dealer,† meaning â€Å"one who is candid or honest,† â€Å"plain Jane,† for a woman of unprepossessing appearance, and â€Å"as plain as the nose on (one’s) face† as an expressive substitution for obvious. Plainclothes refers to a police officer in civilian clothing (plainclothesman was ubiquitous before female undercover police officers were common), someone who is plainspoken is frank, and a plainsong is a religious chant. In Old French, plain also means â€Å"open countryside,† and it developed the sense of â€Å"level terrain† in English, originally in reference to Salisbury Plain. A floodplain is terrain built up by deposits of soil material caused by flooding or flat land susceptible to flooding. To explain (the word, originally explane, literally means â€Å"make level†) is to make clear, but complain and complaint (and plaintive) are all unrelated, deriving from the Latin verb plangere, meaning â€Å"lament.† Plane stems directly from Latin, and its use came about to distinguish what were originally both geometric and geographical senses of plain. Except for those who practice geometry or woodworking, it is best known as a truncation of airplane (originally aeroplane), which technically alludes to the aerodynamic wings of an aircraft rather than the entire structure. Biplane and triplane denote aircraft with two and three wings, respectively (generally stacked), not including smaller stabilizing wing structures. (Other specialized terms include seaplane and warplane.) To board a plane is to enplane (or emplane), exiting a plane is called deplaning. In woodworking, a plane is a tool for smoothing surfaces, and to plane is to make level or smooth. As a verb, the word also denotes gliding or soaring or, in the case of a boat, skimming over the surface of water. (Hydroplane also serves for this meaning, especially in the context of powerboat racing, though the word also applies as a verb to any action of skimming over water.) The name of the plane tree is unrelated, but planar means â€Å"two-dimensional† or â€Å"pertaining to a plane† and planaria is the designation for a genus of freshwater flatworms. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a UK Business LetterPrecedent vs. PrecedenceParataxis and Hypotaxis

Stress modern life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Stress modern life - Essay Example n’s immediate surround has many stressful factors, among which there can be distinguished three main areas serving as a source of stress, namely: family, university, and money. Facing the need of a continual solution of numerous questions and problems associated with family, university and money, people stay in a constant state of nervous tension, which eventually overgrows into stress or more serious medical problems. â€Å"Of course, not all stress is caused by external factors. Stress can also be self-generated†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Smith et al., 2015), for stressful situations happen around humans as well as inside of them. Everything is interdependent in people’s life, and different drivers of stress are not an exception in this regard. Just so the first type of stress, university stress, may include numerous reasons of personal character, such as challenges of learning process, family problems, relationship problems, lack of money, drug use or misuse, and so on. Most people believe that stress causes only negative effects without consideration of the aspect that â€Å"Stress is able to stimulate men’s activities as it increases their energy potential and aggravates feelings and emotions† (Shah & Shah, 2015), which is extremely useful during public speaking or a defense of some kind of research study, for example. Nevertheless, if to talk about unhappy circumstances, which pres ent in students’ life during a particular period of time, then they bring only negative effects of stress at physiological and psychological levels, such as general physical strain and excitement (that makes all internals to function in an emergency mode), anxiety, oppression, dissatisfaction, aggression. All these factors are complicated by troubling feelings, challenging searches of escaping from the situation, and finally avert students’ thoughts from the learning process and make the whole situation of numerous stressful factors to unite in one huge stress without its visible solution. As a

Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Africa - Essay Example This resulted in the continent losing its strategic significance (Kapstein 385). The economy fell so low that the continent depended on donor aid. Despite this, back home Africans were investing a lot in their economy. This also attracted direct foreign investment, which played part in development of the economy. There are various reasons that made Africa’s economy grow. The fact that people started moving from rural areas to urban areas was a significant factor that led to the economic growth of Africa. This is because, urban centers bring a lot of minds together thus resulting in innovation. Another way that urbanization led to the growth of Africa’s economy is the fact that urban centers provide good markets for goods and services. Both local and foreign investment also resulted in the continent’s economy growth. The global crisis affected all economies in the world. Companies went bankrupt, and many people lost their jobs. However, it is said that Africa was one of the less affected continents by the global financial crisis of 2008 (Kapstein 384). It is the effects that the crisis had on Europe and North America that will affect Africa’s economy. This is because the financial crisis made countries in Europe and North America to take up measures and policies that would help their falling economy rise again. These measures included stimulus policies that emphasized on protectionism. This is where countries block the importation of commodities that are also produced within the country. As we know, Europe and North America are the key markets for African products hence this will affect the economy of Africa negatively (Kapstein p387). Despite all this, Africa’s economy is faced with various problems. One serious problem is poor governance. Governments in Africa are filled with corrupt leaders who steal a lot of money from the countries funds. These leaders make poor decisions on

Pharmacology (Drug Profile Midazolam) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Pharmacology (Drug Profile Midazolam) - Essay Example b) Oral administration is also done for short term treatment. This is done mainly for the insomnia patients. c) Midazolam is also indicted for the management of schizopernia. 3. Midazolam is found to interact with many drugs. The drug interaction is found to either increase the activity or decrease the activity of Midazoalm. The drug interaction occurs mainly with the antipsychotic medications, barbiturates, antibiotics and antifungal, cimetidine, Diltiazem, Narcotics, Seizure and Sleep medications, alcohol and antidepressant medicines such as Antipsychotic drugs include: Aripipraxole , asenapine, chlorpromazine, clozapine, fluphenazine, haloperidol, Iloperidone, loxapine, lurasidone, molindone, olanzapine, paliperidone and perphenazine and pimozide. Barbutarates include: Amobarbital, Butalbital, Pentobarbital and Secobarbital. Antibiotics such as Clarithomycin, Erythromycin, Isoniazid, Itraconazole , ketoconazole and Telithromycin. Narcotics such as morphine and oxycodone are used i n combination with Midazolam. (drugs.emedtv.com) The pharmacokinetic drug interactions are found to occur based on the enzymes involved in the metabolism. The drug interaction with the CNS depressants such as alcohols, opioids and barbiturates are found to have lethal, clinical and forensic consequences with midazolam. Many studies have found that this interaction results in death. (Mozayani and Raymon 2004). Similarly when analgesics are used along with the midazolam, they are found to have greater sedative effects. The gastrointestinal agents when combined with midazolam are found to increase the rate of absorption of the drug. Cimetidine when used along with Midazolam is found to increase the retention time of Midazolam in the body. Similarly the antifungal agents are also found to inhibit the movement of Midazolam from the body. 4. a) The mechanism of interaction of Midozolam is understood well. The main target of Midazolam is the GABAa receptor. This is an ionotropic receptor w ith gamma amino butyric acid as the endogenous ligand. When GABAa receptor is activated then it transmits Chloride ions through their pores and polarizes the neurons. This polarization results in the inhibition of the neurotransmission. The benzodiazepines binds to the receptor found between the alpha and gamma receptor subunits. The five subunits of GABA receptor are sensitive to benzodiazepine. When benzodiazepine binds to the alpha and the gamma subunits of the GABA receptor, and brings the receptor into its control. The binding brings out a change in the conformation of the GABA – alpha and makes them to open the chloride ion channel and this polarizes the membrane. This process inhibits the signal transduction pathway by arresting the GABA molecules and creating sedatory and anxiolytic effects to the human. (Sigel 2002). b. Midozolam is the substrate for the receptor GABA only. This is very specific in nature. It binds to the GABA receptors that are having only alpha and gamma subunits. The binding of benzodiazepine modifies the GABAs response by the receptor. As these receptors are found in the cerebral cortex region, limbic system, cerebellar cortex and spinal cord, its effect can be felt in many parts of the body. The two compartmental model enables the specificity of the molecule and increases the sensitivity. (Stoelting and Miller 2007) c.

Youth Gangs And Youth Violence Criminology Essay

Youth Gangs And Youth Violence Criminology Essay To believe that the existence of youth gangs and juvenile violence is a myth is to believe that its causes are also fictional. But what is so fictional about this reality? There is no denying that there are gangs, brought about by many of Americas youth, who wants a quick fix in life. Studies back this up. The national survey of law enforcement jurisdiction counted almost a million gang members in the United States. Among these gang members, 46,000 were involved in gang accidents that spurred a violent crime (Hunzeker, 1993). According to the study by the West Virginia University (Hunzeker, 1993), about 20,000 violent offenses were connected to gangs, which includes 974 homicides, occurred in Americas 72 largest cities. Our contemporary information about gang formation considerably attributes their existence, again, to poverty and other social problems. This factor is magnified further when you add the availability of drugs and weapons in the community into the scenario. These variab les (poverty, drugs, and weapons) tell us much about the trend of gang formation. Research suggests that gangs and their crimes increase when community degenerates or if the economy drops (Hunzeker, 1993). Furthermore, when neighborhoods, schools, families in the community disperse or decays, most youth turn to gang membership as a means to build their esteem and re-establish their social identity. Now, there is absolutely nothing mythical about this. Truth of the matter is, gangs seem to be an attractive option where legitimate means of survival is lacking. Thus, gangs mirror societys identity-juvenile gangs are the reflection of the youth on the very society they live in. Almost any enrollment to gangs affords the youth protection and excitement, which is why the propensity for violence is always there. Drugs and weapons connected to the crime is only the direct result of the gangs inherent objectives. But the most violent crimes connected to gangs are not random shootings or drug disputes; rather it is the escalation of disputes between rival gangs. II. There are various points of views from experts on the causes of youth gangs and violence. John Hagan and Bill McCarthy of Cambridge University offer an insight between the relationship between juvenile and their participation to criminal activities. Moreover, they added, the common profile of a street youth is male, around 18 years old and comes from a broken home. Approximately 30% had lived with both biological parents before leaving home, 24% had lived with step-families, 18% had lived with a lone-mother, and 17% had lived in foster or group homes before taking to the street (Hunzeker, 1993). A full 87% of youth have undergone physical violence from their parents or guardian; and another 60% of them were bruised due to assault. Most criminologists peg street crimes to young men who are poor, unemployed, badly educated and frequently raised in unstable homes. These men account more than half of street crimes occurrences. These are the base roots of street crimes, but to explain why juvenile turns to street crime needs a much detailed analysis. Experts say that variables like poverty and poor health influence criminal behavior, but there is a large disagreement among them in what actually causes youth to go against the law and injure others. Elliot Currie, a crime expert of University of California at Berkeley for example, believes that street crimes are largely due to the U.S. failure to support poor families (Robinson, 2003, 2). In this case, there is a widespread inequality that gives rise to resentment and anger. Mercer Sullivan an anthropologist of Vera Institute, on the other hand, believes that education is to blame (Mears Travis, 2004, 31). He thinks that poorly educated young individuals, regardless of their race, are all curious of exploring crime. But as time moves on when some individuals mature through getting decent jobs, while others didnt because of racial disparity, inequality or other unjustifiable reasons that negatively affected them, these individuals become desperate and turns to street crime-such as burglary and mugging-to compensate. Other experts thrust their blame on the environment; others to mental disorder; still others to negative influences. At the same time, these youth begin to see the social system as unfair who look at themselves as unemployable, which significantly increases their involvement to possible criminal action. Now, why is this so? Because these juveniles grew up in a conventional society where they believed eventually betrayed them. Thus, they responded with depression and guilt, leading to a passive withdrawal and criminal behavior inhibition. They begin to narrow down their options and see that crime is the better alternative than employment to compensate their material needs. III. Addressing this issue begins looking for changes on how this problem can be mitigated, which can lead to more feasible solutions. In this case, we describe law enforcement authorities. Typically, the police try its best to curb the increasing problems of juvenile street crimes. They have two approaches: An aggressive stance and punishment to those hard-core predatory gang members; and the prevention of recruitment and early intervention to would-be gang members These two approaches may be effective on a poor community that has had enough of gang-related street crime. But what happens when theres a gang increase in a comparatively affluent towns and suburbs. The loophole of this approach is purely on perception. Usually when forums revolve around homeless youth, they are always tagged as the criminal perpetrators. This is due to the deeply rooted perspective that endured to popular media, which believes that delinquent street, homeless youths are bad, deviant, troubled, or misgui ded, who apparently have left their homes with insignificant reasons. Once out to the streets, they are labeled as involved in criminal activities, which puts at risk the publics health and safety. It is they who are the usual suspects for disturbing the peace; that causes problems to the public; that are driving away tourist by making streets unsafe; etc. Yet, these forums fail to point out that these homeless juveniles equally are victims of street crime. When living in the streets, young individuals are highly exposed to delinquent activities, dangerous locations, proximity to other offenders-that can all lead to victimization. Police and the community must have a better understanding of the causes. IV. First essential facet to improve on change preconceived ideas and stop the stereotyping and profiling juveniles on the streets. Officials and law-makers can start with the media, especially in this time and day where the bread and butter of television news are the spicing up of events. According to Rose (1994), street crimes are the coal that boils the crisis boiler. Reportage of street crimes are exaggerated in the United States that the real facts of the matter are left out to give way to perception and sensationalizing of events. The trouble with this source of information is that media executives reinforce their viewers stereotype by showing only one side of the offenders and not taking account of other reasons of the crime. Television enables its viewers to categorize what crime to what offender commits them, without giving more extensive information on why that crime took place in the sociological level. Viewers, in turn, are fed with profiling street juveniles. It shows that news reports overstate crime committed by minorities by consistent reportage and tableau of either Blacks, Latinos, Asians, etc. in a crime that shapes to false perception, which skews reality by giving a scary and untrue image of crime in America. What is needed as one of the most essential solutions to curbing juvenile street crimes is more information towards the public viewers on what sets criminal behavior among their youth. The community should realize that a criminal incident is not an isolated case-it is brought about by multiple, interrelationship of the juveniles condition, including poverty, homelessness, etc. The viewing public should see the connections of why street crime occurs. This is the only way to begin a solution against social delinquency, through a keen observation of interrelated factors.

The Strong Women in The Orestia by Aeschylus Essay -- Aeschylus Orest

The Strong Women in The Orestia by Aeschylus To most readers, the women of The Orestia are evil and vindictive, a disgrace to all chaste and righteous women.   Aeschylus portrayed women as equals to men, which was not the opinion of most Greeks at the time.   Although he showed some of his women characters as evil, he granted them power, and emasculated the men around them.   Unlike Homer, the women of Aeschylus show both ranges of emotions, both the good and the bad.   A woman portrayed as a villain may be thought of negatively, but the fact that a female is allowed to be the villain, to take action, and leave other men helpless to the choices that she makes, it is a great step.   In the time of the Greeks, a woman was either victimized by the male world around her, or victimized other males to hold a place in the world.   Aeschylus made his women characters unique for his time but relevant to ours, since all the bad and evil characteristics of women then are mostly recognized as strength and intellect.   This th eme is mostly clearly shown through Clymanestra.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Clymanestra was not an evil character, but rather a misunderstood one.   Woman of today could perfectly relate to her situation.   For example, Clymanestra was like a housewife, who ran her family while her husband was off focused on his job, working overtime, even when he didn?t need the money, leaving her needs totally unattended to.   The husband talked about his work life like he was the gear that everything revolves around, perhaps even talks about the women that worship him for his skills, or at worst, sleeps with his secretary.   He sacrificed spending time with his children, even missed his daughter?s first ballet recital, so that he could kiss up to the bos... ...   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All in all, the strong women in Aeschylus were a man?s nightmare, but the fulfillment of a woman?s dream.   Clymanestra was the type of woman hated in Greece as a she-devil tyrant, but in the present, the kind of woman who would have been a very effective and respected politician who could keep her own in a man?s world.   Aeschylus clearly showed that for a woman, it was nobler to take control of one?s life, be independent, and die, than to ride the rivers of passiveness, watch the world float by without taking any action to change one?s fate, and live a fruitless life.   Clymanestra was not just another ?evil? woman, but could be looked at as a role model for the feminist movement.   She took control of sexuality, of her kingdom, of her children, and her marriage.    Works Cited: Aeschylus. Oresteia. Trans. Peter Meineck. Indianapolis: Hackett, 1998.

Swot Red Bull

STRENGTH – Leadership position The company â€Å"Red Bull† is considered like the â€Å"leader† of the energy drinks market in the world with 70% of market share in 2012. – Marketing strategy * A lot of sports events, promotions and campaigns (like street marketing) * Sponsorship (F1 Red Bull Team, Felix Baumgartner, Shaun White†¦) * Original communication strategy and efficient (http://www. redbull. fr/cs/Satellite/fr_FR/Video/Le-nouveau-clip-du-Monde-de-Red-Bull-au-cinema-021243076490242) -Innovation * Innovating recipe of energy drink containing â€Å"Taurine† – Loyal customers * The creation of an universe encouraged customer loyalty Strong Brand identity and trendy brand – Strong financial position * Turnover of 3,27 Billion of Euros. – Single product Weaknesses – Average price – Lack of product innovation Nowadays, there are a lot of competitors in the market owned by famous brands like Coca-Cola (Burn) or Pepsi (Dark Dog) – Lack of patent on Red Bull’s recipe means anyone can copy it – High logistics costs – Profits linked to exchange rates – High sunk cost (marketing, Advertising) Opportunities – Red bull has opportunities to expanding the target markets as well as product lines extension * Extension of product line can help to retain market share Increase market share with increased opportunities in emerging markets through being trendy * Sunk cost can provide future growth in emerging markets due to a trendy image – Consumer recognition through sponsorship of sports events so can expand product with a loyal customer base * Overcome higher prices than competitors with product expansion and diversification – New ventures like partnership with Facebook – Product and services expansion – International manufacturing opportunities * Manufacturing Internationally can decrease exchange rate risks Keep substantial mar ket share with international operations * High logistics costs can be decreased with decentralized production in emerging markets Threats – Competition * Major competitors such as Coca Cola (burn) and Pepsi (dark dog) are continually seeking to regain market share of Red Bull – Negative publicity * Various media reported that Red Bull is harmful for one’s health * The caffeine levels in Red Bull can be dangerous if consumed by children/teenagers * Red Bull has gone to the extremes of seeking scientific proof that its product is safe for consumption (cost of scientific research) Inability to move forward with the product * The product could be in danger of becoming stale by shunning conventional advertising methods * Large investment in extreme sport events the question is what will be their next step to keep on being innovating and attracting – Ability to gain new customers and retain current customer loyalty * Red Bull’s target market currently ai med at youngsters: so this generation will continue to drink ‘energy drink? * the next upcoming generation accept this product ?

Ethics and Placebo Trials Essay

Placebo trials are experimental trials that involve the administration of a substance that does not really have any effect on the individual’s system. This means that it is a neutral trial that will have neither positive nor negative effects on the physiology of the person it is administered on. Whatever positive benefits may be derived out of placebo trials are merely therapeutic and may arise from the potency of the power of suggestion. These trials are most often used in randomized control trials in investigating the effectiveness of a specific treatment. (Miller and Brody, 3) However, with the rise of the use of such trials, there have been many more questions raised. Are these placebo control trials indeed necessary? What ethical issues are raised with the implementation of placebo trials? The debates regarding the ethicality of placebo trials in investigative research continue to rage across the scientific community. The discussion has become so complex that the sides taken regarding the matter have evolved to more than just â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no† to the question of placebo ethicality. There have been numerous aspects of placebo trials that have undergone the scrutiny of those directly involved with fields utilizing these trials. The main aim of this paper is to understand the obligations of medical practitioners who are employing placebo trials in their own scientific investigations of the effectiveness of various treatments. What ethical standards should these individuals, physicians and the like, take into consideration when conducting investigative researches with placebo trials? Glass and Waring The main problem with a physician’s utilization of placebo trials for investigative purposes is the fact that they are part of the profession that involves the assurance of optimal health for their patients. Some of the researchers and critics exploring the ethical holds on medical practitioners with regards to placebo trials have looked at it from a legal standpoint. Glass and Waring (582) indicate that they have foundâ€Å"no legal precedent allowing physicians to ‘opt out’ of their professional obligations because they are researchers in addition to being physicians†. It is emphasized that the physician must do all in his power in order to insure that the client receives all possible modes of treatment that would maintain or enhance his or her health. As a researcher, the physician is viewed as a fiduciary, a person delegated with power that will be used for the benefit of another person and who is held legally against the highest standards of conduct. The physician-researcher as a fiduciary, then, has a moral ascendancy over his or her patient-subject. (Glass and Waring, 578) This means that a placebo trial that would involve having the physician-researcher observe the null effect on the health of a patient-subject and at the same time have knowledge of the betterment of the health status of patient-subjects in the other experimental trials. (Glass and Waring 579) Thus physician’s are now ethically compromised and even legally liable for their utilization and continuation of the placebo trial. Knowing that there is a treatment that could improve the health of those in the placebo arm of the experiment but not applying that treatment on the participants in that arm indicates their sacrifice of the health of those participants for the scientific progress afforded by research data. The ethical responsibility of the physician-reseracher, therefore, is in the fact that clinical studies of treatment effectivity make use of participants who have been diagnosed with the specific medical condition hoped to be treated by the experiment’s procedure. Hawkins Hawkins (484) states that the true problem faced by physician-researchers is a moral one. The moral norms and societal dictates placed upon those in the medical profession involve the fact that they need to be able to give a sick person all the possible chances of being treated. However, Hawkins (484) points out that this moral responsibility is limited. She states clearly â€Å"researchers do not owe effective treatment to everyone around them. † (473) The obligations of a physician to his or her patient are enclosed within a given framework, that of the physician-patient relationship. In order for such a relationship to be established, the physician must come into agreement with the client that he or she will indeed act as one half of that relationship. The same agreement must be made on the part of the client. Although this agreement may not be explicit, it is nevertheless positively acknowledged by both parties. (Hawkins, 476) There is, according to Hawkins, no ethical dilemma in a physician-researcher’s use of placebo trials. Just because these researchers have had medical training and have taken a medical oath does not mean that they are always in the role of a physician. These are individuals that have many other different roles as fathers, mothers, non-practicing physicians, friends and the like. The role they take as a researcher, therefore, does not mean a continuation of their role as a physician. (Hawkins, 479) The obligations of an individual in the role of a researcher is separate from his or her role as a physician thus their obligation in placebo trials involves simple assurance that the participant will not be harmed by the procedure that will take place. Miller and Brody Some critics of placebo control trials state a weakness in therapeutic obligation of physician researchers as the main grounds of contestation of the ethical foundations of the said trials. Miller and Brody (8) state that even when based on the principles of clinical equipoise, an ethical basis of assigning participants in different experimental arms which involves disagreement among experts as to the effectiveness of either arm, therapeutic obligation is still a weak attack against the ethics of placebo trials. The individuals who knowingly participate in experiments with placebo arms are not exploited as long as no harm befalls them. Also, they are aware that they enter the experimental set-up as participants in a research and not as patients of the researchers who happen to also be physicians. (Miller and Brody, 5) Miller and Brody thus state that â€Å"placebo trials are not unethical just because they withhold proven effective treatment†. (6) It is thus seen that the responsibility and obligation of the researcher with regards to the ethicality of placebos is not in their therapeutic obligations as physicians. However, this does not mean that placebo trials are completely ethical. This also does not mean that researchers are devoid of ethical obligations to their participants assigned to placebo arms of the investigative experiments. The ethical obligation of the researcher in placebo trials is the same as that of researcher in any clinical trials. This involves the proper acquisition of informed consent from the participants. Also, researchers must be able to assure the fact that participants will not be exploited or put in harmful situations. Miller and Brody also insist that researchers must first establish that the investigation has scientific merit and that scientific merit is increased with the implementation of the placebo trial. (8) Analysis and Argument All three articles assessed above have merit and, at the same time, also have faults. Glass and Waring (582) stating that no legal precedents were found that indicated physicians were no longer tied to their professional obligations is faulty. In much the same way that a lawyer does not have to give counsel to every jaywalker he or she sees, the physician likewise does not have professional obligation over individual’s whose relationship to him is simply that which exists between researchers and participants. I also disagree with Hawkins’ statement that morality is what binds the physician thus the use of placebo trials is not unethical. What is ethics but a concept in the realm of morality? Yes, there are standards and regulations with regards to ethical conduct. However, as a whole, ethics is based on morality thus a moral problem is, in fact, an ethical problem. The middle ground taken by Miller and Brody also seems to be misled. A placebo trial is not equivalent to other clinical trials. It involves factors that are not present in other trials, such as the exposure of the participants to neutral treatment. In other clinical trials, there is still exposure to some form of treatment thus there is an effort to aid the participant. I believe, however, that physician-researcher’s obligations to the patient-participant, is limited solely to the relationship of researcher and participant. The role taken by the individual is not that of a physician but that of a researcher. The participants are also aware that they enter into the experiment not as patients but as participants. Although they are not given the chance to undergo possibly effective treatment, it is not the moral obligation of the researcher to insure that they do. Even if, for example, a person persists to smoke, I am not morally or ethically obligated to make sure that he or she stop. Placebo trials are valid research designs and should not be stopped simply because of a feeling that it is unfair to those who, in the first place, willingly submitted themselves to the experiment’s conditions. Works Cited Glass, Kathleen G. , and Waring, Duff. â€Å"The Physician/Investigator’s Obligation to Patients Participating in Research: The Case of Placebo Controlled Trials. † The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 33 (2005): 575-585 Hawkins, Jennifer S. â€Å"Justice and Placebo Controls. † Social Theory and Practice 32 (2006): 467- 496. Miller, Franklin G. , and Brody, Howard. â€Å"What Makes Placebo-controlled Trials Unethical? † The American Journal of Bioethics 2(2002): 3-9